POLLUTION: Sparking the Pollution Blaze – Do we Really Need Fireworks?

NOTE: This post was written by Holly McCarthy, contributor to the Conservation Report

fireworksIf you think that burning a wad of $100 bills for momentary enjoyment is an act that’s reserved only for the loonies, well then, most of us are kind of crazy too, at least the ones among us who enjoy a fireworks display. Yes, I will admit that I am among those who tend to ooh and aah at the magnificent colors and amazing patterns that streak across the night sky and hold us enthralled. But then comes the sobering thought: How much are we contributing to the pollution of the earth’s atmosphere and the air we breathe by encouraging and participating in such displays?

The answer is not pleasant at all, because fireworks are among the largest polluters in terms of volume used.[*] For example, even a single firecracker is capable of causing high level of air pollution. In fact, fireworks are an absolute menace to human health and one of the biggest enemies to a green and clean earth because:

  • The manufacturing process is polluting: Fireworks contain a large amount of chemicals and heavy metals, which means that the manufacturing process produces harmful effluents that tend to pollute surrounding areas and water resources.[*] Also, most fireworks are manufactured in developing countries like India and China (for reasons of cost) where labor is cheap and anti-pollution laws are not stringent enough. Besides, there’s always the tendency to use substandard materials and harmful chemicals (some of which are banned) during the production process.
  • They contain harmful chemicals: The pretty colors we see showcased against the black sky are nothing but the effects of poisonous chemicals like barium, copper, cadmium, lithium, antimony, rubidium, strontium, lead and potassium nitrate. Some of them are radioactive[*] and can cause cancer while others increase the levels of perchlorate in the air and water and yet others cause respiratory problems and other chronic illnesses. High levels of perchlorate inhibit your thyroid’s ability to absorb iodide, and this leads to hypothyroidism and thyroid cancer.[*] Besides this, these chemicals have been proven to cause acid rain which is not good for the environment.
  • They contribute to noise pollution: This one’s a no-brainer—just ask anyone with a baby that needs to go to sleep how annoying and infuriating the sounds of firecrackers are, and you’re bound to get a earful. The noise is deafening and at times, when adequate safety precautions are not taken and the crackers are set off too close to human ears, there’s a high probability of damaged eardrums.
  • The debris litters the earth and surrounding resources: Falling debris from burned out firecrackers litter the ground and also pollute surrounding water resources. They are also liable to be swallowed by animals and fishes which then choke to death or die because they are poisoned by the chemical residue from the litter.
  • The smoke pollutes the air: Firecrackers emanate a lot of smoke which not only makes breathing difficult, but also adds to the existing pollution levels that are already dangerously high. The fumes are noxious and can cause and aggravate various respiratory illnesses like asthma and bronchitis.
  • They are dangerous: If adequate precautions are not taken, they can cause fires that destroy buildings and forests and also cause deaths and injuries.

It’s an irony that fireworks, being the heavy polluters that they are, are largely used to celebrate festivals and other occasions like Independence Day, because if we persist in encouraging this trend, the day is not far off when we’re going to be fighting a losing battle of another kind—the struggle to save our planet from global warming and pollution.

On the Net:

  1. Environmentally Friendly Fireworks And Other Pyrotechnics
  2. Longest String of Firecrackers causes pollution concern
  3. 10 reasons to shun dirty, deadly firecrackers
  4. Green Chemistry

Information about the Author:

This post was contributed by Holly McCarthy, who writes on the subject of organic coupons to make “living green and buying organic products easier for consumers everywhere.” She invites your feedback at hollymccarthy12 at gmail dot com


Photo source for attribution. The author or licensor of this image does not endorse my work or me and their image is protected under an attribution license.

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CLIMATE CHANGE: A setback to climate change science

The “$278 million (192 million pounds) Orbiting Carbon Observatory” fails to separate properly from its protective covering and falls back to Earth. However, Japan has successfully launched a “satellite to monitor greenhouse gas emissions as part of global efforts to combat climate change.”

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ENDANGERED SPECIES: Arizona Game and Fish collars first wild jaguar in the United States

jaguar-conservationThese unique big cats deserve more protection and funding dedicated to gathering more data.  Furthermore, the U.S.-Mexico border fence is seen as an obstacle to jaguar conservation.  From Arizona Wildlife News:

Jaguar conservation has just experienced an exciting development with the capture and collaring of the first wild jaguar in Arizona by the Arizona Game and Fish Department.

The male cat was incidentally captured yesterday in an area southwest of Tucson during a research study aimed at monitoring habitat connectivity for mountain lions and black bears. While individual jaguars have been photographed sporadically in the borderland area of the state over the past years, the area where this animal was captured was outside of the area where the last known jaguar photograph was taken in January.

.       .       .

Biologists are currently working on an identification analysis to determine if the collared jaguar is Macho B, a male cat that has been photographed by trail cameras periodically over the past 13 years.

The collared jaguar weighed in at 118 pounds with a thick and solid build. Field biologists’ assessment shows the cat appeared to be healthy and hardy.

The species has been protected outside of the United States under the Endangered Species Act since 1973. That protection was extended to jaguars within the U.S. in 1997, the year after their presence in the Arizona and New Mexico borderlands was confirmed.

“We issued a permit under the Endangered Species Act to radio collar a jaguar if the opportunity presented itself,” said Steve Spangle, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s Arizona field supervisor. “Gathering habitat use information and learning whether and how the cat is moving in and out of the United States may be essential to jaguar conservation at the northern edge of their range.”

Please visit Arizona Wildlife News for more information.

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EVOLUTION shouldn’t be controversial, but it is

intelligent-designUniversity of Vermont professor Nicholas Gotelli responds to an invitation to debate David Klinghoffer of the the Discovery Institute—“a conservative public policy U.S. think tank based in Seattle, Washington, best known for its advocacy of intelligent design and its Teach the Controversy campaign to teach creationist anti-evolution beliefs in United States public high school science courses.” From ScienceBlogs:

Academic debate on controversial topics is fine, but those topics need to have a basis in reality. I would not invite a creationist to a debate on campus for the same reason that I would not invite an alchemist, a flat-earther, an astrologer, a psychic, or a Holocaust revisionist. These ideas have no scientific support, and that is why they have all been discarded by credible scholars. Creationism is in the same category.

Instead of spending time on public debates, why aren’t members of your institute publishing their ideas in prominent peer-reviewed journals such as Science, Nature, or the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences? If you want to be taken seriously by scientists and scholars, this is where you need to publish. Academic publishing is an intellectual free market, where ideas that have credible empirical support are carefully and thoroughly explored. Nothing could possibly be more exciting and electrifying to biology than scientific disproof of evolutionary theory or scientific proof of the existence of a god. That would be Nobel Prize winning work, and it would be eagerly published by any of the prominent mainstream journals.

“Conspiracy” is the predictable response by Ben Stein and the frustrated creationists. But conspiracy theories are a joke, because science places a high premium on intellectual honesty and on new empirical studies that overturn previously established principles. Creationism doesn’t live up to these standards, so its proponents are relegated to the sidelines, publishing in books, blogs, websites, and obscure journals that don’t maintain scientific standards.

Finally, isn’t it sort of pathetic that your large, well-funded institute must scrape around, panhandling for a seminar invitation at a little university in northern New England? Practicing scientists receive frequent invitations to speak in science departments around the world, often on controversial and novel topics. If creationists actually published some legitimate science, they would receive such invitations as well.

So, I hope you understand why I am declining your offer. I will wait patiently to read about the work of creationists in the pages of Nature and Science. But until it appears there, it isn’t science and doesn’t merit an invitation.

In closing, I do want to thank you sincerely for this invitation and for your posting on the Discovery Institute Website. As an evolutionary biologist, I can’t tell you what a badge of honor this is. My colleagues will be envious.

In response, Klinghoffer whines:

I’ve been corresponding with Nicolas Gotelli, a University of Vermont biologist. When I received his response to my initial email, I thought it was so ridiculous and hypocritical that I said to myself, Wouldn’t it be amusing to publish this on ENV? Then I reflected disappointedly, No, it’s a private correspondence, that would be unethical! I can’t do it without his permission and, since he’d have to be pretty thoughtless to allow someone to reprint his hysterically bristling letter, it’s not worth asking.

Luckily, Professor Gotelli has solved my problem for me. He promptly and without seeking permission sent our emails off to PZ Myers, who immediately published them on Pharyngula. You can read the correspondence there. Thank you, gentlemen.

A Pew Research Center poll illustrates acceptance of evolution amongst some major religions and certain religious groups:

evolution is a well-established scientific theory that convincingly explains the origins and development of life on earth. Moreover, they say, a scientific theory is not a hunch or a guess but is instead an established explanation for a natural phenomenon, like gravity, that has repeatedly been tested through observation and experimentation. Indeed, most scientists argue that, for all practical purposes, evolution through natural selection is a fact. (See Darwin and His Theory of Evolution.) These scientists and others dismiss creation science as religion, not science, and describe intelligent design as little more than creationism dressed up in scientific jargon.

So if evolution is as established as the theory of gravity, why are people still arguing about it a century and a half after it was first proposed? (See Evolution: A Timeline.) The answer lies, in part, in the possible theological implications of evolutionary thinking. For many, the Darwinian view of life — a panorama of brutal struggle and constant change – goes beyond contradicting the biblical creation story and conflicts with the Judeo-Christian concept of an active and loving God who cares for his creation. (See Religious Groups’ Views on Evolution.) In addition, some evolution opponents argue that Darwin’s ideas have proven socially and politically dangerous. In particular, they say, the notion that more resilient animals survive and thrive (“survival of the fittest”) has been used by social thinkers, dictators and others to justify heinous crimes, from forced sterilization to mass genocide.

But while theologians, historians and others argue over evolution’s broader social impact, the larger and more intense debate still centers on what children in public schools learn about life’s origins and development. Indeed, the teaching of evolution has become a part of the nation’s culture wars, manifest most recently in the 2008 presidential campaign, particularly in the attention paid to Republican vice presidential nominee Sarah Palin’s statements in favor of public schools teaching creation science or intelligent design along with evolution. And while evolution may not attain the same importance as such culture war issues as abortion or same-sex marriage, the topic is likely to have a place in national debates on values for many years to come.

evolution-acceptance-amongst-major-religious-groups

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ENDANGERED SPECIES: Fort Bragg works to protect endangered species

red-cockaded-woodpeckerThe federal government is the largest landowner in the United States. As a result, there are responsibilities that come with this ownership. One responsibility is endangered species conservation. From FayObserver.com, NC:

Fort Bragg officials have learned their endangered species lesson over the past couple of decades. In 1991, the commander had to close the post’s most heavily used range to protect the red-cockaded woodpecker.

So Patten and other scientists working at Fort Bragg and Camp Mackall — a nearby training ground for special operations troops — are learning what they can about the bats in hopes of keeping them off endangered status.

Since 2003, Fort Bragg has been documenting its bat population to see what species are there and how rare they are.

“It’s general stewardship,” Patten said. “It’s also a requirement for federal properties to inventory and monitor rare species.”

Studies indicate that Fort Bragg has 10 species of insect-eating bats. None is on the list of threatened or endangered species that require stringent protection. But two species on Fort Bragg are considered rare or “of concern” by state and federal wildlife officials. They are Rafinesque’s big-eared bat and the southeastern bat. Although not subject to protection, a “rare” species could be on its way to becoming a bigger issue.

Conservation groups have been paying a lot of attention to the “Rafs” and southeastern bats, said Piper Roby, a biologist and environmental consultant who is studying them for Fort Bragg.

“If we can get enough information on them and learn what they need and learn how to preserve them, their numbers will go up, and they won’t have to go on the endangered species list,” she said. “Bragg is helping us do that.”

.       .       .

At Fort Bragg, officials have had to learn how to work around two endangered species of animals — the red-cockaded woodpecker and the St. Francis’ satyr butterfly — and three endangered plants — rough-leafed loosestrife, Michaux’s sumac and American chaffseed.

Each brings restrictions on how the military can use the post for training. For instance, two white bands mark every nesting tree for the woodpeckers. Activity is curtailed within 200 feet of each of those trees. There are about 400 family groups of woodpeckers on the post.

Fort Bragg’s work to protect and nurture the red-cockaded woodpeckers has been so successful that the post was recognized by the Nature Conservancy in 2006 for restoring the population to desired levels five years ahead of schedule.

The endangered species on Fort Bragg thrive in the vanishing longleaf pine forests where frequent fires remove plants that can house predators or compete for light, water and nutrients. Fort Bragg has regular controlled burns to preserve the habitat.

Coping with endangered species is a fact of life for military installations throughout the United States.

N.C. National Guard soldiers found out about the Mojave Desert tortoise, a federally protected endangered species, when they visited the National Training Center at Fort Irwin, Calif., in 2003 while preparing for a deployment to Iraq. A Fort Irwin captain briefed the visitors from North Carolina with an extra sprinkling of profanity to emphasize the need to avoid harming the reptile.


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