TOXIC CHEMICALS: Big Agriculture and big coal are big polluters, and their policies are having a big impact on our environment and health

Big Ag is a big polluter

Industrial agriculture has the ability to supply large amounts of food on the cheap. However, cheap food comes with consequences. For starters, the process is resource and energy intensive, and it leaves behind a footprint on the environment and our health. For example, pesticides applied to fruit orchards and vegetable fields leach from the area of application into the landscape, negatively impacting ecosystems. These chemicals also remain as residue on fruits and vegetables. Consequently, in addition to getting the recommended daily servings of fruits and vegetables (and depending on our choices, which are based on how cognizant we are of where our food originates) we might be ingesting herbicides and pesticides on a daily basis. Consequently, sometimes it’s better to buy organic (i.e., “because ‘organic’ can mean ‘pricey,’ it makes sense to focus on buying organic versions of produce that is most likely to harbor pesticide residues when grown conventionally“).

Toxic chemicals leach into foods via the plastic lining of metal cans

Some “canned foods, including soups, juice, tuna, and green beans” have been found to “contain measurable levels of Bisphenol A (BPA).” BPA has also been found in baby bottles and baby food, and research has linked the chemical to a multitude of health problems. However, it’s possible to avoid plastics containing BPA:

BPA is found in polycarbonate plastic food containers often marked on the bottom with the letters “PC” recycling label #7. Not all #7 labeled products are polycarbonate but this is a reasonable guideline for a category of plastics to avoid. Polycarbonate plastics are rigid and transparent and used for sippy cups, baby bottles, food storage, and water bottles. Some polycarbonate water bottles are marketed as ‘non-leaching’ for minimizing plastic taste or odor, however there is still a possibility that trace amounts of BPA will migrate from these containers, particularly if used to heat liquids.

Safer products and uses: When possible it is best to avoid #7 plastics, especially for children’s food. Plastics with the recycling labels #1, #2 and #4 on the bottom are safer choices and do not contain BPA. Find baby bottles in glass versions, or those made from the safer plastics including polyamine, polypropylene and polyethylene. Soft or cloudy-colored plastic does not contain BPA. Bottles used to pump and store expressed breast milk by the brand Medela are also labeled BPA-free.

In addition to a wide range of health problems, research suggests that BPA impacts human reproduction. From Nature.com:

paper in the journal Human Reproduction adds weight to a long-held (by some) suspicion that the plasticising chemical bisphenol A (BPA) does bad things to the body’s hormone balance.

In this study, male workers in Chinese factories handling BPA were compared to a control group of Chinese factory workers who weren’t exposed to BPA over five years.

The results showed that the workers in the factories handling BPA had four times the risk of erectile dysfunction, and seven times more risk of ejaculation difficulty (press release).

This stark conclusion is the first direct evidence that exposure to BPA in the workplace could have bad health effects, the authors led by De-Kun Li, a reproductive and perinatal epidemiologist at Kaiser Permanente’s Division of Research in Oakland, California.

For years BPA has been associated with a range of health problems, from cancer to diabetes and heart disease.

The suspicion was that BPA was an endocrine disruptor – a substance that mucks up the way hormones in the body, including sexual reproduction hormones – are made and regulated. This study, the authors say, provides the evidence that the US regulators have been after for years. They add that the levels in this study were very high – nothing like the levels people are normally exposed to in everyday life.

The chemical is already regulated. In Canada, for example, BPA is banned in baby bottle manufacture, and in France earlier this year members of the senate sought a ban on BPA. Of course, there is also perhaps a need for caution – don’t be terrified, not all plastics used in baby products or drinks bottles contain BPA, and no links between low exposure levels and adverse health effects have been found. In the US at least, it seems that it is easy to check whether BPA is present: there should be a number 7 printed on any bottle that contains the stuff.

More information on BPA, our food, and our health can be found in these videos:

Video: Bisphenol A (BPA) Contaminating Our Food

Video: BPA risk to men

Video: Call for ban on baby bottle chemical

Big Coal emits a deadly neurotoxin that accumulates within the environment

Invisible toxins are emitted through energy production when fossil fuels such as coal are burned. For example, when coal is burned, mercury—a neurotoxin—is released “into the environment, [and] coal-burning power plants are the largest human-caused source of mercury emissions to the air in the United States, accounting for over 40 percent of all domestic human-caused mercury emissions.” Mercury is converted by natural processes into methylmercury, which accumulates in the food chain. Consequently, our food becomes contaminated with a nerotoxin, which can make people sick.

A toxic soup

There’s no doubt that chemicals and toxins from agriculture, burning fossil fuels, and other industrial processes are negatively impacting our bodies and minds and even resulting in death by triggering diseases such as cancer. “Toxic Soup,” a documentary, “connects the current spikes in childhood cancer, autism, and other serious illnesses with the business practices of Fortune 500 companies: DuPont, Bayer, Ashland Oil, and Massey Energy.” More on the documentary:

‘Toxic Soup’ is a look at the lives of everyday Americans who discover pollution in their backyards and decide to fight for the clean air, water & blood that we all deserve. And it’s David versus Goliath as this enviro documentary follows a team of investigators who explore three industries critical to the growth of US superpower. Coal gave us electricity; Oil gave us the automobile; And chemistry everything in between. But at what price

The trailer for “Toxic Soup”:

To illustrate the stealthy toxic soup we’re exposed to via industrial practices, one study tested the blood and urine of pregnant mothers, and the “study reveal[ed] that children spend their first nine months in an environment that exposes them to known toxic chemicals.” More from Consumer Affairs:

In the WTC study, researchers tested pregnant women from Washington, California, and Oregon and discovered:

• Every woman was exposed to BPA, the hormone disrupting chemical used to make polycarbonate plastic and the lining for food cans. BPA is linked to cancer, early puberty, diabetes, obesity, and reproductive problems, researchers said;

• Each woman had at least two and as many as four “Teflon chemicals,” or perfluorinated compounds, in her blood. Those chemicals are used to create stain-protection products and non-stick cookware and are linked to low birth weight, obesity, and cancer, the groups said.

• Every woman had mercury in her blood. Mercury is known to harm brain development, researchers said. The National Academy of Sciences has also reported that 60,000 children each year may suffer brain problems as a result of exposure to mercury in the womb. This exposure can affect their ability to play and learn.

• Every woman was exposed to at least four phthalates, the plasticizers and fragrance carriers found in shower curtains, shampoo, soaps and other consumer products. Phthalates are linked to reproductive problems and asthma.

The findings shocked and angered women in the study.

There are alternatives to industrial agriculture, fossil fuels, and toxic chemicals such as (1) permaculture or other (2) sustainable farming methods, (3) renewable energy and energy conservation, (4) decentralized energy production, and (5) green chemistry.

Resources:

  1. Bisphenol A: Toxic Plastics Chemical in Canned Food: Consumer tips to avoid BPA exposure
  2. A Survey of Bisphenol A in U.S. Canned Foods
  3. Mercury: Basic Information
  4. EPA’s Mercury News Archive
  5. Green chemistry
  6. Introduction to Permaculture: Concepts and Resources

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RECOMMENDED ARTIST: Luke Jarram creates transparent glass sculptures of bacteria and viruses

These enlarged and magnificent glass examples of otherwise very tiny species of bacteria and viruses help bring the tiniest examples of life into perspective. More on Jerram’s glass sculptures can be found here, and don’t miss another interesting concept from Jerram—”Play Me, I’m Yours.”

Via Neatorama and Luke Jarram

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ENERGY POLICY: Rome wants to implement distributed energy policy

Distributed energy generation is one solution or alternative to big energy’s position that massive quantities of fossil fuels—in addition to nuclear energy—will continue to be a significant contributor to the energy mix of the future even as the Earth’s climate continues to change, ecosystems are altered by pollution (e.g., mercury pollution emitted from coal-fired power plants that is subsequently absorbed within aquatic environments and the food chain), and nonrenewable energy supplies continue to dwindle and become more expensive.

However, modernizing and rethinking how electricity is delivered, in addition to improving energy storage capabilities and promoting energy conservation via green construction or retrofitting for energy conservation will encourage sustainable development via energy conservation. Distributed energy generation, or small producers of energy via renewable resources and even nonrenewable sources, in the aggregate, will benefit people and the environment, because decentralizing energy generation will reduce “the amount of energy lost in transmitting electricity.” More from the Financial Times:

Mr Rifkin, who is also advising the governments of Spain and Greece and acts as an informal consultant for Germany’s Angela Merkel, bases his vision on what he calls the “third industrial revolution” – of a carbon- and nuclear-free future – on a programme of “distributive energy”.

Distributive energy boils down to individual buildings and local cooperatives becoming energy positive, harnessing wind, sun and thermal energy to run themselves and sell surplus power to others via a “smart grid” system.

More on distributed energy from the Department of Energy:

Distributed energy consists of a range of smaller-scale and modular devices designed to provide electricity, and sometimes also thermal energy, in locations close to consumers. They include fossil and renewable energy technologies (e.g., photovoltaic arrays, wind turbines, microturbines, reciprocating engines, fuel cells, combustion turbines, and steam turbines); energy storage devices (e.g., batteries and flywheels); and combined heat and power systems. Distributed energy offers solutions to many of the nation’s most pressing energy and electric power problems, including blackouts and brownouts, energy security concerns, power quality issues, tighter emissions standards, transmission bottlenecks, and the desire for greater control over energy costs.

About the image: According to telex4, the author of the image above, which is posted on Flickr, “BedZED is the UK’s largest eco-village. The aim was to help residents and office workers reduce their ecological and carbon footprints to a sustainable, ‘one planet’ level. The plans cover reducing energy use, providing renewable energy, minimising the embodied energy of the buildings, reducing fossil fuel miles and also tackling food, waste, water usage and flooding.”


Photo source for attribution. The author or licensor of this image does not endorse my work or me and their image is protected under an attribution license.

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ANIMAL BEHAVIOR: Octopuses in Indonesia use villager’s discarded coconuts as shelter

Cephalopod intelligence is well documented, but in Indonesia, a species of octopus—the veined octopuses (Amphioctopus marginatus)—has discovered the utility of discarded coconut shells. This species of octopus uses these discarded coconut shells as shelters. Apparently, this is the first documented case of invertebrates using tools.

The image is via National Geographic and courtesy of Roger Steene, and more about this fascinating octopus behavior can be found at the New Scientist.

Videos showing octopuses using discarded coconut shells for protection:


More video showing similar octopus behavior:

This octopus seems to mimic a coconut shell as it walks across the sea floor:

The octopuses in these videos employ a similar technique but with discarded bivalve shells:


This octopus makes use of a discarded beer bottle, and it has no problem getting inside:

The mimic octopus can change its color, shape, and behavior to mimic other animals such as flounder, the poisonous lionfish, and even a sea snake!

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CLIMATE CHANGE: As the hacked e-mail controversy spins, the Earth continues to warm

As climate change disbelievers cynically spin and take advantage of the so-called Climategate controversy, the Earth’s climate, landscapes, and oceans continue to change due to anthropogenic influences. These data and observations point to a warming earth: (1) the earth continues to warm as CO2 rises, resulting in a greenhouse effect—in fact “the decade of the 2000s will end as the warmest ever on global temperature charts;” (2) the Arctic continues to warm and Arctic sea ice continues to melt and set records, as the U.S. Coast Guard is forced to patrol further north and the region is closed to fishing (consequently, observations are prompting policy decisions); (3) for people living in the Arctic region, such as the Inuit, coastal erosion is claiming villages and livelihoods as (4) sea levels continue to rise; (5) the Greenland Ice Sheet continues to melt faster than expected; (6) the Arctic tree line continues to advance north as the Earth warms; (7) tundra melting is increasing and consequently, the tundra is becoming greener, but a dangerous feedback loop is also occurring; (8) upward migrations of alpine species are observable, as are latitudinal migrations of animals such as birds and mammals; (9) glacial melting continues to increase; (10) oceans are becoming more acidic with time as atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide increase (in fact, “the oceans have absorbed about 50% of the carbon dioxide (CO2) released from the burning of fossil fuels, resulting in chemical reactions that lower ocean pH”); (11) ocean acidification has negative impacts on calcifying organisms, thus ocean food chains; and (12) desertification is expanding as the Earth warms. Yet cynics, politicians, pundits, and liars such as Sarah Palin, George Will, and Jim Inhofe, continue to immerse themselves in willful ignorance. The situation is heartbreaking, because denialism has certainly resulted in lost opportunities and time. Where were these denialists when the Bush II Administration was actively suppressing climate change data and muzzling government scientists? Where were the cynics when fake lobbying letters were tied to coal and power companies? Their behavior is revealing. From Scientific American:

Arctic sea ice continues to dwindle—as do glaciers across the globe; average temperatures have increased by 0.7 degree Celsius in the past century and the last decade is the warmest in the instrumental recordspring has sprung forward, affecting everything from flower blossoms to animal migrations; and the concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases continue to rise, reaching 387 parts per million in 2009, a rise of 30 percent since 1750.

Nor has the fundamental physics of the greenhouse effect changed: CO2 in the atmosphere continues to trap heat that would otherwise slip into space, as was established by Irish scientist John Tyndall in 1859. “There is a natural greenhouse effect, that’s what keeps the planet livable,” noted climate modeler Gavin Schmidt of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) during a Friday conference call with reporters organized by the Center for American Progress, a liberal think tank. “Without it, we’d be 33 degrees Celsius colder than we are. That’s been known for hundreds of years.”

.       .       .

In fact, nothing in the stolen e-mails or computer code undermines in any way the scientific consensus—which exists among scientific publications as well as scientists—that climate change is happening and humans are the cause. “There is a robust consensus that humans are altering the atmosphere and warming the planet,” said meteorologist Michael Mann of The Pennsylvania State University, who also participated in the conference call and was among the scientists whose e-mails have been leaked. “Further increases in greenhouse gases will lead to increasingly greater disruption.”

Some of the kerfuffle rests on a misreading of the e-mails’ wording. For example, the word“trick” in one message, which has been cited as evidence that a conspiracy is afoot, is actually being used to describe a mathematical approach to reconciling observed temperatures with stand-in data inferred from tree ring measurements.

Climate Cover-Up tracks the aggressive global warming denial movement to frustrate climate science and obscure the debate on climate change. From DeSmogBlog:

Starting in the early 1990s, three large American industry groups set to work on strategies to cast doubt on the science of climate change. Even though the oil industry’s own scientists had declared, as early as 1995, that human-induced climate change was undeniable, the American Petroleum Institute, the Western Fuels Association (a coal-fired electrical industry consortium) and a Philip Morris-sponsored anti-science group called TASSC all drafted and promoted campaigns of climate change disinformation.

The success of those plans is self-evident. A Yale/George Mason University poll taken late in 2008 showed that — 20 years after President George H.W. Bush promised to beat the greenhouse effect with the “White House effect” — a clear majority of Americans still say they either doubt the science of climate change or they just don’t know. Climate Cover-Up explains why they don’t know. Tracking the global warming denial movement from its inception, public relations advisor James Hoggan (working with journalist Richard Littlemore), reveals the details of those early plans and then tracks their execution, naming names and exposing tactics in what has become a full-blown attack on the integrity of the public conversation.

The attempt to access private e-mails and spin climate change data goes beyond hacking. From Climate Progress:

It has now been reported that the University of East Anglia Climatic Research Center is not the only victim of such a criminal invasion: burglars and hackers have also attacked the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis at the University of Victoria in British Columbia:

Andrew Weaver, a University of Victoria scientist and key contributor to the Nobel prize-winning work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, says there have been a number of attempted breaches in recent months, including two successful break-ins at his campus office in which a dead computer was stolen and papers were rummaged through.

These attacks go beyond simple burglary. University of Victoria spokeswoman Patty Pitts told the National Post “there have also been attempts to hack into climate scientists’ computers, as well as incidents in which people impersonated network technicians to try to gain access to campus offices and data.”

For thirty years, defenders of a pollution-based economy have intimidated, smeared, and suppressed climate science, using a playbook perfected by the tobacco industry and Karl Rove. Now — as the United States, led by President Barack Obama, finally appears ready to join the world in the fight against global warming — the opponents of reform are resorting to criminal desperation, harkening back to the paranoia-fueled extremes of Richard Nixon.

However, do to exaggeration, the so-called Climategate may turn against climate change deniers. More from mongabay.com:

Even the Washington Post, which has come under fire from climatologists for publishing several op-eds by George Will denying climate change, has stated that “none of [the emails] seriously undercuts the scientific consensus on climate change” and “by our reckoning — and that of most scientists, policymakers and almost every government in the world — the probability that the planet will warm in the long term because of human activity is extremely high, and the probability that allowing it to do so unabated will have disastrous effects is unacceptably large”.

Also in the Washington Post, science historian and author of The Discovery of Global Warming, Spencer Weart, calls the belief in a conspiracy on climate change “extraordinary and, frankly, weird”. He explains that “in blogs, talk radio and other new media, we are told that the warnings about future global warming issued by the national science academies, scientific societies, and governments of all the leading nations are not only mistaken, but based on a hoax, indeed a conspiracy that must involve thousands of respected researchers”.

Video: Climate change denialists, whether amateurs or professionals like FOX NEWS or Rush Limbaugh, should do their due diligence before jumping on the conspiracy bandwagon (e.g., completely read, research, and fact check the claims:

On the Net:

  1. Portions of Arctic Coastline Eroding, No End in Sight, Says New Study


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