BP OIL SPILL: Component of the chemical dispersant used in the BP oil spill persisting in the Gulf

Image via NWFblogs on Flickr

Scientists with the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution are reporting that “a major component of the dispersant [used in the Deepwater Horizon oil spill is persisting] within an oil and gas-laden plume in the deep ocean and had still not degraded three months after it was applied.” More via Kate Sheppard at Mother Jones:

In the weeks after the Deepwater Horizon disaster, BP—with the consent of federal regulators—spread 1.8 million gallons of dispersants on the surface of the Gulf and at the wellhead a mile below. Using dispersants in this volume and at this depth was unprecedented, and there wasn’t a great understanding of the implications. Now a new report indicates that some of the chemical components of the dispersants might remain in the Gulf for months.

And from the New York Times:

Traces of the dispersant compound were found in September more than 150 miles from the well site, researchers with the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution said in their report.

The levels found in ocean samples were extremely low, however — just a few parts per billion — and past studies suggest that such concentrations do not pose a significant threat to sea life, said Elizabeth B. Kujawinski, lead author of the study, which will appear in the journal Environmental Science & Technology.

“Everything that has been done in the past would suggest that the concentrations that were down there were not toxic,” Dr. Kujawinski said in an interview.


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POLITICS: Justice Thomas forced to amend financial disclosure forms, and Justice Scalia holds closed-door meeting with the Tea Party

Editorial cartoon via Clay Bennett

Justice Clarence Thomas claims that he didn’t disclose his wife’s past employment with the Heritage Foundation — a conservative think tank — or other employers, because he misunderstood the filing instructions on the disclosure forms. Considering he’s a Supreme Court justice, his excuse is both laughable and troubling. Via the New York Times:

Justice Thomas said that in his annual financial disclosure statements over the last six years, the employment of his wife, Virginia Thomas, was “inadvertently omitted due to a misunderstanding of the filing instructions.”

To rectify that situation, Justice Thomas filed seven pages of amended disclosures listing Mrs. Thomas’s employment in that time with the Heritage Foundation, a conservative policy group, and Hillsdale College in Michigan, for which she ran a constitutional law center in Washington.

.       .       .

Bob Edgar, president of Common Cause, said he found Justice Thomas’s explanation about the omission to be “implausible.”

As a Supreme Court justice who regularly hears complex legal cases, “it is hard to see how he could have misunderstood the simple directions of a federal disclosure form.”

Today, Justice Scalia spoke “at the Conservative Constitutional Seminar, hosted by Michele Bachmann’s Tea Party Caucus.” A New York Times editorial argued that it was a bad idea for Justice Scalia to accept an invitation to speak at the Tea Party’s Conservative Constitutional Seminar:

The Tea Party epitomizes the kind of organization no justice should speak to — left, right or center — in the kind of seminar that has been described in the press. It has a well-known and extreme point of view about the Constitution and about cases and issues that will be decided by the Supreme Court.

By meeting behind closed doors, as is planned, and by presiding over a seminar, implying give and take, the justice would give the impression that he was joining the throng — confirming his new moniker as the “Justice from the Tea Party.” The ideological nature of the group and the seminar would eclipse the justice’s independence and leave him looking rash and biased.

There is nothing like the Tea Party on the left, but if there were and one of the more liberal justices accepted a similar invitation from it, that would be just as bad. This is not about who appointed the justice or which way the justice votes. Independence and the perception of being independent are essential for every justice.

More via the Christian Science Monitor:

[T]here’s a difference between justices appearing before a truly bipartisan group and one that has such a clear partisan agenda, and that the lack of transparency raises concerns.

“I think it’s outrageous that a Supreme Court justice would openly go to a political party meeting, particularly given all the issues around Citizens United [the 2009 decision about corporate political contributions] and all the issues that have come and will be coming before the Supreme Court,” says Bob Edgar, a former congressman and the president and CEO of Common Cause, a nonpartisan watchdog group.

Mr. Edgar says that he is concerned with a growing pattern, particularly in the cases of Scalia and Justice Clarence Thomas – both of whom attended retreats sponsored by Koch Industries, which stood to benefit from the Citizens United decision – of some justices not carefully avoiding even the appearance of impartiality. “There are only nine justices, and the nine justices are supposed to be serving on behalf of all the people of the United States, not just the tea party, not just the radical right, not just the liberal left,” says Edgar.

CAN YOU SEE ME? | ANIMAL CAMOUFLAGE

Via MarchieCTID on Flickr

See more animal camouflage here on The Conservation Report.


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NEW SPECIES of large, unusual crayfish discovered in Tennessee

Image via Carl Williams

Given the crayfish’s distinctive appearance, scientists were surprised that it hadn’t been discovered earlier. However, it appears that this newly described species of crayfish is very rare. Via New Scientist’s Short Sharp Science Blog:

Named Barbicambarus simmonsi after the scientist who first spotted it, it is only the second member of the genus to be found. It is rare which may explain why it went unnoticed for so long.

Chris Taylor at the Illinois Natural History Survey and Guenter Schuster at Eastern Kentucky University in Richmond hurried to Shoal Creek after hearing reports of an unusually large crayfish. After two hours of fruitless searching they were about to give up, but decided to turn over one last rock and discovered their first specimen.

More on Barbicambarus simmonsi via ScienceBlog.com:

Its closest genetic relative, once thought to be the only species in its genus and discovered in 1884 about 130 miles away in Kentucky, can grow almost as big as a lobster.

The researchers found their first specimen under one of the biggest rocks in the deepest part of a creek that has been a (literal) stomping ground for aquatic biologists for at least half a century. The new species is described in a paper in the Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

The new crayfish belongs to the genus Barbicambarus, which in addition to being big is very distinctive. Most notably, Barbicambarus have unusual “bearded” antennae; the antennae are covered with a luxurious fringe of tiny, hair-like bristles, called setae, which enhance their sensory function.

“This isn’t a crayfish that someone would have picked up and just said, ‘Oh, it’s another crayfish,’ and put it back,” said University of Illinois aquatic biologist Chris Taylor, the curator of crustaceans at the Illinois Natural History Survey and a co-discoverer of the new species with Eastern Kentucky University biological sciences professor Guenter Schuster. “If you were an aquatic biologist and you had seen this thing, because of the size and the setae on the antennae, you would have recognized it as something really, really different and you would have saved it.”

.       .       .

Both men suspected that this was a wayward member of the originally discovered species, Barbicambarus cornutusB. cornutushad never been seen that far south, but the researchers knew that crayfish have been moved great distances in the bait buckets of itinerant fishermen or by those interested in commercially rearing crayfishes.

.       .       .

In the lab, Schuster quickly realized that the physical characteristics of the new crayfish differed in significant ways from those of B. cornutus. Taylor took tissue samples and compared the specimens’ DNA to that of B. cornutus.

“And the DNA said just what the morphology said: This thing is pretty different,” Taylor said.

And rare. The researchers made several more trips to the area before they were able to collect enough specimens to confirm what they already suspected: The giant crayfish of Shoal Creek was a new species. They named it Barbicambarus simmonsi, in honor of the TVA scientist who had collected the first specimen.

Later trips to the region confirmed that B. simmonsi was also present in the southern reaches of Shoal Creek, just north of where it drains into the Tennessee River in northwest Alabama.

Most people are shocked to learn that there are about 600 species of crayfish in the world, Taylor said, with more than half of those occurring north of Mexico. Alabama and Tennessee are hotspots of crayfish diversity, he said.