EXTINCTION: Rhinos face bleak future

These images, via the Daily Mail and photographer Michael Raimondo, illustrate the extremes that conservationists must take in order to save wildlife from extinction. According to the Daily Mail, these “images show exactly how conservationists used a military helicopter to carry the herd of 1,400-kilo rhinos to their new home, away from poachers.”

According to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, several species of rhinoceros continue to hurdle towards extinction as poaching and habitat degradation, loss, and fragmentation continue to expand. The group also warns that “a quarter of all mammal species assessed are at risk of extinction.” The story of extinction is a story of human expansion. In order to stop extinction, governments must seriously implement policies that address overconsumption, alleviate imprudent development, and consider conservation. Without prudent conservation policies that work, more remarkable species will continue to go extinct. More via the AFP:

All told, a quarter of all mammal species assessed are at risk of extinction, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), which compiles the list, said on Thursday.

About a third of the 61,900 species now catalogued by the IUCN are classified as “vulnerable,” “endangered,” “critically endangered,” or extinct, with some groups, such as amphibians and reptiles, in particularly rapid decline.

Rhinoceros have been hit especially hard in recent years. Their fearsome horns — prized for dagger handles in the Middle East and traditional medicine in east Asia — can fetch hundreds of thousands of dollars on the black market.

The new assessment shows that a subspecies of the western black rhino (Diceros bicornis longipes) native to western Africa is now extinct, joining a long list of creatures — from the Tasmanian tiger to the Arabian gazelle — that no longer stride the planet.

Central Africa’s northern white rhino (Ceratotherium simum cottoni) is listed as “possibly extinct in the wild”, while the Javan rhino (Rhinoceros sondaicus) is making a last stand after the remaining specimen of its Vietnamese counterpart was killed by poachers last year.

“Human beings are stewards of the earth and we are responsible for protecting the species that share our environment,” Simon Stuart, head of the IUCN Species Survival Commission, said in a statement.

“In the case of both the western black and the northern white rhinos the situation could have had very different results if suggested conservation measures had been implemented.”

There were a few slivers of good news showing that species can be prevented from slipping into oblivion.

The southern white rhino subspecies (Ceratotherium simum simum) is back from the brink, its numbers up from 100 at the end of the 19th century to some 20,000 today.

Certainly, zoological parks will continue to play an important role in preventing species from vanishing from the Earth forever. Via McClatchy:

The eastern black rhinoceros is a critically endangered species, but the Kansas City Zoo just keeps churning them out.

Or, rather, it is Luyisa who has been doing the work, having just produced her third healthy calf in 10 years.

“Everybody was very thrilled about it,” said General Curator Liz Harmon, referring to the reaction of the zoo world and conservation experts to this birth, which occurred Oct. 18. “When it was born — and it was a girl — everybody was ecstatic.”

First, any birth in a species that only has a few hundred left in the wild is a good thing. Second, there are more males than females in the captive population, so girls are celebrated. Third, the father in this case had never sired a calf before, so his genes are not overrepresented.

And fourth, Luyisa, the mom, was born in the wild, so her genes are a welcome infusion into the captive gene pool.

The latest addition in Kansas City has been named Layla. The zoo has not made a splash about her because she won’t be on public display until the African section of the animal park reopens April 1, but The Kansas City Star got a sneak peak on Friday.

The Kansas City Zoo went to Africa to acquire Luyisa in 1997 in a trip chronicled by The Star. At the same time, the Cleveland Metroparks Zoo brought back a female of its own. She produced her fourth calf in August this year.

As a bonus, all seven offspring of those two animals have been female.

“It was good trip,” Harmon said of that 1997 expedition. “It helped the population a lot.”

VIDEO PICKS

Here are some interesting videos of nature, science, and other things that you might’ve missed over the past few weeks:

  1. Video: Oklahoma earthquake causes birds & bugs to take flight:More via the National Weather Service:

    An earthquake whose magnitude is initially set at 5.6 by the United States Geological Survey… occurred in central Oklahoma near Prague at 10:53 PM CDT, on Saturday evening, November 5th. This animation shows how some evidence of the earthquake was even seen by radar, as birds and bugs were detected taking flight to escape the shaking on the ground. Thanks to NWS Lubbock for first bringing this to our attention.

  2. Video: 1,500 year old sequoia falls, igniting debate:
  3. Video: A surfer is almost swallowed by a humpback whale:
  4. Video: A hole is blasted at the base of the Condit Dam on the White Salmon River, which allows the river to flow “unimpeded by a dam for the first time in 100 years“:
  5. Video: Swarming birds over the River Shannon in Ireland:
  6. Video: When is a moth like a hummingbird?

    More via Science Friday with host Ira Flatow:

    A hawk moth (Manduca sexta) feeds by hovering in front of flowers and slurping nectar through a proboscis, basically a body-length straw. To understand how these moths keep such a precise position in the air, Tyson Hedrick, a biomechanist at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, tried destabilizing moths in a variety of different ways and tracked their responses using high speed cameras.

CLIMATE CHANGE NEWS

Here are some interesting links that I’ve come across in the past few weeks regarding climate change.

  1. Skeptic finds he now agrees global warming is real:

    A prominent physicist and skeptic of global warming spent two years trying to find out if mainstream climate scientists were wrong. In the end, he determined they were right: Temperatures really are rising rapidly.

    The study of the world’s surface temperatures by Richard Muller was partially bankrolled by a foundation connected to global warming deniers. He pursued long-held skeptic theories in analyzing the data. He was spurred to action because of “Climategate,” a British scandal involving hacked emails of scientists.

    Yet he found that the land is 1.6 degrees Fahrenheit (1 degree Celsius) warmer than in the 1950s. Those numbers from Muller, who works at the University of California, Berkeley, and Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, match those by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and NASA.

    He said he went even further back, studying readings from Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson. His ultimate finding of a warming world, to be presented at a conference Monday, is no different from what mainstream climate scientists have been saying for decades.

    The best part:

    One-quarter of the $600,000 to do the research came from the Charles Koch Foundation, whose founder is a major funder of skeptic groups and the conservative tea party movement. The Koch brothers, Charles and David, run a large privately held company involved in oil and other industries, producing sizable greenhouse gas emissions.

    Continue reading

  2. Of course, “Climate Skeptics Stay Unswayed” even thought a new study confirms that the Earth is warming:

    new study designed to address critiques of climate science by skeptics has confirmed that “global warming is real” and that the world’s average land temperature has risen by about 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit since the mid-1950s.

    The findings, released on Thursday by a group of scientists and statisticians at the University of California known as the Berkeley Earth Surface Temperature project, were welcomed by climate scientists and advocates of climate policy action, who had hoped that skeptics would finally have to cry uncle.

    At least one of those skeptics, Anthony Watts, had written in March on his climate-themed blog, Watts Up With That, “I’m prepared to accept whatever result they produce, even if it proves my premise wrong.”

    But neither Mr. Watts nor other longtime critics of climate science seemed satisfied with the report. Mr. Watts contended that the study’s methodology was flawed because it examined data over a 60-year period instead of the 30-year one that was the basis for his research and some other peer-reviewed studies. He also noted that the report had not yet been peer-reviewed.

    Continue reading

  3. Big business, investors urge tough climate action:

    U.N. climate talks in South Africa next month must make meaningful progress or governments “risk permanent damage to their credibility”, a group of global businesses warned on Thursday.

    At the Nov. 28-Dec. 9 summit in Durban, governments should try to adopt measures to ensure poor nations will have $100 billion in annual climate aid by 2020 and to pave the way for low-carbon investments, said a communique from over 175 companies including Tesco and Nedbank Group .

    Major emitting nations must also cut their carbon emissions deep enough to contain global warming, the statement said.

    “If we do not act, climate change risks seriously undermining future global prosperity and inflicting significant social, economic and environmental costs on the world,” the companies said.

    “Without this agreement, business lacks the clarity and certainty needed to invest to its fullest potential.”

    The companies also encouraged countries to forge bilateral and multilateral agreements to form financing partnerships and to tackle particular problem areas such as deforestation and emissions from international shipping and aviation.

    Continue reading

  4. SPECIAL INVESTIGATION: Who’s behind the ‘information attacks’ on climate scientists?

    This week, in a courtroom in Prince William County, Virginia, a hearing will take place that could have implications for the privacy rights of scientists at colleges and universities across the country.

    It’s part of a lawsuit brought by the American Tradition Institute, a free-market think tank that wants the public to believe human-caused global warming is a scientific fraud. Filed against the University of Virginia, the suit seeks emails and other documents related to former professor Michael Mann, an award-winning climate scientist who has become a focus of the climate-denial movement because of his research documenting the recent spike in earth’s temperature.

    By suing the university, the American Tradition Institute wants to make public Mann’s correspondence in an effort to find out whether he manipulated data to receive government grants, a violation of the state’s Fraud Against Taxpayers Act.

    But a Facing South investigation has found that the Colorado-based American Tradition Institute is part of a broader network of groups with close ties to energy interests that have long fought greenhouse gas regulation. Our investigation also finds that ATI has connections with the Koch brothers, Art Pope and other conservative donors seeking to expand their political influence.

    Continue reading

PHOTO OF THE DAY: Manukura, the only known white kiwi, improving after surgery

Image via Mike Heydon/Jet Productions NZ Limited via Getty

According to the New Scientist:

Staff at Pukaha Mount Bruce wildlife centre on New Zealand’s North Island spotted Manukura’s trouble when she started refusing to eat and moving strangely.

X-rays taken at Wellington Zoo revealed the problem. While kiwis often swallow small stones to help break down hard-to-digest foods, Manukua had swallowed stones too large to pass safely through her digestive tract.

A urologist was called in to blast the stones apart using lasers, a treatment similar to that used on patients with kidney stones. To see it it action, watch the video footage of the unusual surgery.

Via io9, BBC, and the New Scientist

WEIRD & FASCINATING CREATURES: The slimy hagfish

Image: A fisherman pulls out a glob of slime, which is being produced by his catch of hagfish as a defense mechanism. Since they’re considered a delicacy by some cultures, there is a fishery for hagfish. Image via dirtsailor2003 on Flickr

Hagfish might be disgusting creatures, but they’re still fascinating. Hagfish, which are sometimes called slime eels, are eel-like primitive jawless fish, which use their exceptional ability to produce copious amounts of slime as a defense mechanism. The video below illustrates how “hagfishes are able to choke their would-be predators with gill-clogging slime.”

Via Gawker