OCEANS: Harp seals on thin ice

I think that the bigger problem for harp seals is the loss of sea ice due to global warming.

- Brian Skerry

In this TED talk, National Geographic photojournalist Brian Skerry illustrates, with his underwater photography, the ocean’s natural glory, but he also shows the horror that anthropogenic activities have brought onto oceans around the world. For example, the true unseen costs of a shrimp dinner might be hundreds of pounds of bycatch, which are animals and plants that are caught with the targeted species, by fishermen, but these animals and plants have no commercial value. Bycatch is are often killed during the fishing process and thrown back into the sea as trash.

One of Brian Skerry’s most celebrated underwater images is this diver with a Southern right whale. You can see more of Brian Skerry’s right whale images in National Geographic Magazine’s October issue or here and here.

Via

On the Net:

  1. Brian Skerry – Underwater Photographer

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NEW SPECIES of orcas proposed

Killer whales, like bottlenose dolphins, are currently divided into ecotypes. For example, there are offshore, resident, and transient orcas, which exhibit different behavior and feeding habits. The offshore ecotype “are genetically different from their kin, the marine mammal-eating transient killer whales and fish-eating resident killer whales.” Recent research shows that these ecotypes and other orca groups from around the world represent distinct species and possibly up to two distinct subspecies. More via GenomeWeb Daily News:

Killer whale “ecotypes,” which vary in their choice of prey, behavior, and appearance, represent distinct species, according to a paper appearing online yesterday in Genome Research.

An international research team including researchers from Roche’s 454 Life Sciences and Roche Applied Sciences, used highly parallel pyrosequencing to assess the complete mitochondrial genomes of nearly 150 killer whales from the North Atlantic, North Pacific, and southern oceans. In so doing, they identified dozens of mitochondrial haplotypes that point to the existence of at least three killer whale species.

“We recommend that three named ecotypes be elevated to full species, and that two additional types be recognized as subspecies pending additional data,” lead author Phillip Morin, a geneticist affiliated with the National Marine Fisheries Service’s Southwest Fisheries Science Center and the University of California at San Diego’s Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and colleagues wrote.

Killer whales are currently classified as just one species, Orcinus orca. Nevertheless, researchers have identified several so-called killer whale ecotypes that have slightly different size and color patterns, behaviors, prey preferences, and social organizations.

More via NOAA:

“Offshore killer whales differ in size, shape and behavior from other two killer whales eco-types,” said Marilyn Dahlheim, a researcher from the Alaska Fisheries Science Center. Offshore killer whales are shyer, moving evasively and unpredictably when approach by boats, she explained. They are smaller and they tend to live in larger groups—up to 75 or 100 individuals.

Although the ranges of the three eco-types occasionally overlap, offshore killer whales have never been seen to intermix with resident or transient killer whales.

Offshore killer whales most likely subsist on fish. They have, for instance, been seen with salmon in their mouths. Scientists have observed many other foraging behaviors which also support the idea that they are fish-eaters. Scientists have watched offshore killer whales in the company of sea lions, gray whales, fin whales and dolphins. In no case did the offshore killer whales target these animals as prey, nor did the other marine mammals act as if the offshore killer whales were a predatory threat.


Photo source for attribution. The author or licensor of this image does not endorse my work or me and their image is protected under an attribution license.

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SHIP STRIKE: Cruise ship strikes fin whale

SUN0725N-JLSwhale.jpgA cruise ship arrived in Vancouver over the weekend with a fin whale attached to its bow. It’s still unclear whether or not the whale was killed by the ship or if it was already dead. There is some evidence that it may have been sick. The image is by Jenelle Schneide. From the Vancouver Sun:

The dead fin whale dragged to shore by a cruise ship had no food in its stomach, indicating it may have been sick, preliminary results from a necropsy reveal, said Paul Cottrell, marine mammal coordinator for the department of fisheries and oceans.

The female whale also had a thin layer of blubber, he said. While a thick layer indicates good health, providing a good layer of insulation and indicating the whale has been foraging, a thin layer doesn’t necessarily suggest bad health, Cottrell said, before explaining the thin layer of blubber may merely be a result of nutrients lost when the whale had been producing calves.

But the middle-aged whale wasn’t likely reproducing anymore at this stage in her life, according to the official.

Cottrell said it’s still unclear if the impact if the ship killed the whale or if it had been dead already. The final necropsy report should be completed within a couple of weeks, he said.


More images showing ship strikes:

Ship Strike

The endangered sei whale, identified by the Maryland Department of Natural Resources, didn’t stand a chance against this 800-foot container ship. According to the Maryland DNR:

The 36-foot, 8 ½ ton male was identified as a sei whale, an endangered species typically found in offshore waters. A team of biologists, led by MD DNR and the Smithsonian Institution, spent much of the day conducting a necropsy, or animal autopsy, on the whale to determine the cause of death. Initially, it wasn’t clear whether the whale was already dead and floating when the ship struck it, or whether the collision killed it. The necropsy revealed numerous broken bones includingcrew performing necropsy ribs, evidence of hemorrhaging, and a blood clot behind the head, suggesting that the animal was alive when struck and died as the result of blunt trauma. NOAA Fisheries’ Office of Law Enforcement is investigating the case because of the animal’s status as an endangered species, but it is unclear at this point if any charges will be filed by the agency.

Right Whale Ship StrikeThe North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) is particularly vulnerable to ship strikes, since the bulk of the highly endangered population resides in the Northwest Atlantic where vessel traffic is very frequent.

North Atlantic right whales are so rare that the population can’t afford to lose a single individual, especially breeding females. NOAA has been working on new regulations designed to prevent ship strikes. Oddly, former Vice President Dick Cheney interfered with the rule making. From NOAA:

Years of study and effort by NOAA and the U.S. Coast Guard will pay off this summer when two changes to shipping lanes into Boston are implemented. Both changes significantly reduce the risk of collisions between large ships and whales.

.       .       .

Slow moving North Atlantic right whales — among the most endangered whales in the world — are highly vulnerable to ship collisions, since their primary feeding and migration areas overlap with major East Coast shipping lanes. Along with existing measures to prevent entanglement of right whales in fishing gear and regulations to reduce ship strikes by slowing ships, these changes in vessel operations are a part of the comprehensive approach that NOAA has taken in its effort to help right whales recover.

“Through years of study we have determined that these changes will likely provide a safer environment for whales and mariners, and at the same time, provide the least amount of disruption and impact to the economy,” said Jim Balsiger, NOAA’s acting assistant administrator for NOAA’s Fisheries Service. “NOAA and our partners are working extremely hard to do all we can to help save this critically endangered species, while helping mariners stay safe and productive.”

OMB Watch discusses former Vice President Dick Cheney’s shenanigans or obstruction of the ship strike rule:

New evidence shows that the White House is meddling with a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) rule to protect the North Atlantic right whale — one of the most critically endangered whale species in the world. The rule has been awaiting clearance — or, more accurately, gathering dust — at the White House Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) since February 2007.

.       .       .

Stalling regulations and putting politics ahead of science is always bad, but they are especially troubling in this instance, as time is of the essence for the right whale. Fewer than 350 of the mammals remain. Since the summer of 2004, seven have died as a result of ship strikes, according to Waxman. Two right whales have been struck by ships, and one has likely died, in the time the rule has been stuck at OIRA. NMFS officials warn that even one more dead female could set the species on an irrevocable path toward extinction.

NMFS experts have been working diligently to extend protections for the right whale but have been stonewalled by political apparatchiks like OIRA Administrator Susan Dudley and Vice President Dick Cheney. The White House’s delay and scientific interference is truly an example of executive power run amok.

Hat tip to Kevin.

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